Full-Flow, By-pass or Two-Stage Filtration
The difference between the various lube filter configurations can be confusing. There are three common filtration approaches.
Full Flow Filtration
Full flow filters receive near 100% of the regulated flow in an engine lube system. Full flow filters provide essential engine protection for maximum cold flow performance and filter life. Most lube filters available today are full flow.
By-pass (Secondary) Filtration
By-pass filtration is when a small portion of the system’s oil flow (usually 5-10%) is diverted back to the sump or oil pan before reaching the primary filter. A by-pass filter captures smaller particles than the full-flow filter. Because of the increased efficiency of a bypass filter, they are more restrictive. To optimize restriction, a bypass filter should be located in a separate flow path, as illustrated on the right.
Two-stage Filtration
A two-stage filter design attempts to combine the features of both a full flow and by-pass filter. The two-in-one design significantly increases restriction, causing shorter filter life and decreased cold flow performance. Poor cold flow performance starves the engine of oil during start up, leaving the engine temporarily unprotected. This may lead to increased engine wear that could result in premature repairs or even engine replacement.
